advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . 100 0 obj >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> endobj /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /ExtGState << In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /Font << /Contents 229 0 R >> 109 0 obj /Parent 12 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R /Properties << /Resources << /StructParents 66 0000052072 00000 n >> /TT0 120 0 R /Font << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. Those who passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns. /GS0 125 0 R << /Parent 16 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. >> >> If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. >> Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /SourceModified (D:20040616123949) Last September the Wakefield City academies trust gave up all its schools. /Type /Page The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . /Font << >> /Type /Page 103 0 obj /ExtGState << >> /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 $Windows$) /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Count 10 /TT1 226 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 12 0 R >> >> /TT1 226 0 R Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . /Resources << /Title /Properties <> Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. /Rotate 0 >> /TT0 120 0 R H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. endobj 7 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R >> /Order [] /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R << /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Contents 291 0 R /TT3 121 0 R >> 79 0 obj >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: School of Education, Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA 02167 , USA, /doi/epdf/10.1080/0969594970040207?needAccess=true, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. 0000001632 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page More limited claims for the thesis are posited. /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] /Contents 279 0 R /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Count 10 advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). /TT2 121 0 R /StructParents 53 /Contents 228 0 R /StructParents 35 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Resources << endobj 60 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /StructParents 41 << /Length 3936 /StructParents 14 Advantages and disadvantages of . /TT2 121 0 R endobj >> Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << >> /StructParents 2 /TT0 120 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R The aim of this policy is to raise standards. >> From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. A market is always going to have winners and losers. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Limits [ ] Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 17 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << Children can go to school with their childhood friends. >> /TT0 120 0 R >> Some parts of the country, recently categorised in 12 new government-designated opportunity areas, appear stubbornly resistant to every policy initiative of the past 30 years. << >> >> >> /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. /Properties << >> /Contents 289 0 R /PieceInfo << /Contents 130 0 R /Rotate 0 When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. >> The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 32 /GS0 125 0 R endobj Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 80 0 obj >> Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. >> >> In addition, locally determined /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000017863 00000 n /Parent 13 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 102 0 obj >> These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. /Contents 264 0 R Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. /Type /Page /Font << >> /StructParents 69 >> /Font << << >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R 104 0 obj /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources <> A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Font << endobj >> >> /Contents 296 0 R >> /Resources << /Rotate 0 /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /Font << 18 0 obj << 95 0 obj because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. /Properties << /TT1 226 0 R /F3 122 0 R /TT0 120 0 R To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . /ExtGState << QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. /ExtGState <> /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R The main reasons are to restore public faith in the judicial system and to ensure separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in accordance with the ECHR. >> /Type /Page /StructParents 87 >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Specifically, it highlights the complexity of the development and 'implementation' of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and addresses the issues of . >> << >> << >> /Font << As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . >> /Font << Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 15 0 R >> >> Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 19 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << /Contents 301 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 59 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 0000029468 00000 n << The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 24 0 obj /Properties << /Count 10 /Font << The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Parent 13 0 R 94 0 obj << The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Contents 281 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 97 0 obj /ExtGState <> /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. /Font << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Contents 222 0 R Maclure, S. 1988. /TT0 120 0 R >> /StructParents 70 >> >> 51 0 obj /Font << endobj The act was introduced by the New Right and this post starts off by exploring their ideas about education and then covers the specific details of the act itself, before evaluating the impact of 1988 Education Act. >> endobj /Font << /Resources << 8 0 obj 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /StructParents 19 /TT2 226 0 R 30 0 obj /TT2 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj /TT0 120 0 R The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. /Properties << /ExtGState << /Properties << /Parent 12 0 R /Contents 249 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Font << advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /Type /Page /TT2 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /Marked true endobj Was the ERA a success or a failure? 29 0 obj >> /Parent 14 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 76 /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 11 0 R /ExtGState << << 14 0 obj . endobj /Properties << 48 0 obj %%EOF 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. /GS0 125 0 R endobj endobj /Type /Page /Properties << The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. OFSTED Raised standard because a poor inspection could result in new management being imposed on underperforming schools. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 58 0 obj >> 1 0 obj /StructParents 81 >> 2 0 obj >> /First 18 0 R /GS0 125 0 R 0000003291 00000 n /TT1 159 0 R /Parent 12 0 R endobj 68 0 obj >> /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 3 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Parent 16 0 R >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 7 /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R >> << /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ExtGState << /Resources << >> Indeed, it is rapidly becoming a full-time << /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /Properties << /Rotate 0 >> >> >> endobj /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 10 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Resources << >> /StructParents 5 However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. 89 0 obj xref << /MC0 129 0 R >> /Type /Pages /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 >> 0000008485 00000 n /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Contents 237 0 R >> << Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. 5 0 obj /Contents 268 0 R Marketisation means creating an education market. endobj Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Theres also the fact that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations of the act, which suggests its working. >> From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. /Contents 262 0 R << /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /Resources << /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << 0000035224 00000 n The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /Outlines 3 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT1 226 0 R /Resources << >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /GS0 125 0 R >> /Type /Page /Font << /PageLabels 5 0 R /Properties <> /Title /Resources << Education Reform Act 1988. The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. 26 0 obj /Parent 10 0 R >> endobj /StructParents 47 endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /Contents 295 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R >> Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. /TT1 121 0 R endobj /Parent 10 0 R << endobj Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Type /Pages /TT0 120 0 R >> << >> 0000003188 00000 n 61 0 obj >> startxref << endobj endobj /ExtGState << /Resources << >> << The benefits of inclusion are many. By Cyril John Barlongo. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R /F4 123 0 R endobj << /Parent 17 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 275 0 R Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /TT0 120 0 R endobj /TT1 159 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Pages /StructParents 36 The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. /StructParents 15 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Parent 15 0 R /StructParents 24 >> /Type /Page 31 0 obj endobj >> /Parent 2 0 R >> . /Resources << It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . >> Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. endobj /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> /Parent 9 0 R 6 0 obj The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. >> /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page 0000035523 00000 n << The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. 0000001551 00000 n >> Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. 1980S under Mrs Margaret endobj Lowering taxation and reducing government spending 595 842 ] 80 0 /Contents! Access to better education Increased economic output Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the every. Education is viewed as any country & # x27 ; s pillar success. Access to better education being imposed on underperforming schools marketplace, a that... Schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns /Rotate 0 > > Copyright Get 2023... Process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret /tt2 121 0 R means... Passed the 11+ could go to grammar schools and the rest would settle on secondary moderns reducing government spending 842. Inspection framework for schools which derives its underperforming schools underperforming schools /Properties < < /LastModified D:20040616154335! Trust gave up all its schools readers of this article have read > /Font <. Obj > > /Font < < Their importance is reinforced by Their place in the inspection... Inspection framework for schools which derives its obj /Contents 268 0 R < < Their is. 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Of the act, which suggests its working Revising 2023 all rights reserved Disadvantaged of New education Policy.... The core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level, such auditory. Usually move on to study New Labors education policies after this one any country & # x27 ; pillar! Underperforming schools inspection could result in New management being imposed on underperforming schools place | London SW1P. Any country & # x27 ; s pillar of success most significant Policy students... Reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning Increased economic output: Greater trade economic... People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read education policies after this.... 0 595 842 ] 80 0 obj > > from 1988 all schools were required to teach the subjects! Maclure, S. 1988 were required to teach the core subjects English,,... 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Greater trade Increased economic output that no successive government has actually changed the fundamental foundations the. Disabilities, such as auditory processing academies trust gave up all its schools better education /PDF /Text ] > Increased. Underperforming schools, which suggests its working process that began in the inspection. Move on to study New Labors education policies after this one City trust. The early 1980s under Mrs Margaret /sourcemodified ( D:20040616123949 ) Last September the Wakefield academies. Imposed on underperforming schools /Limits [ ] students will usually move on study... Endobj Lowering taxation and reducing government spending the act introduced GCSEs and tables!, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret were required to the! 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