B. The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S." D. intercept enemy intelligence and relay it to the troops on the frontlines. The United States had the world's largest military force. They were chosen randomly. View the list of all donors. Allied forces strategy during World War II. To protect Australia from a Japanese invasion, a.) A. Draw two lines under each verb. D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? Civil rights march on Wash[ington], D.C. / [WKL]. Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the war in the Pacific in August. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. D) three quarters, The Jewish population of Romania was reduced by approximately Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. When did the United States enter World War I? A. B) the coup which put Hitler into power in 1933. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. C. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? B) They needed the railway lines to expedite the delivering of supplies to the front lines. the League of Nations. Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by C. General Montgomery had misgivings about being allied with the Soviets. ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . C) not have to listen to unfavorable views. give each member state an equal say in world affairs. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. To free Australia from Japanese occupation It granted Germany a testing ground for new technology. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. They believed Germany would be easily defeated, freeing up forces to join the conflict in the Pacific. When did the United States enter World War II? a.) C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. But now this isnt so bad anymore. What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. . One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. What is gangsterism? FDR came to Yalta hoping to establish the groundwork for a practical and powerful United Nations, to be formed after the war, and also to convince the Russians to enter the war against Japan and help speed up . A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. C. Did not destroy all airfare . What was the primary goal of the U.S. strategy of "island hopping" in the Pacific? D) publish material opposing the government. Facing History and Ourselves, "The United States Enters World War II," last updated May 2, 2022. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. c.) What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? d.) World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. B) the course of the war turned in favor of the Axis Powers. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. 182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . issued Executive Order 8802. d.) The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. B. the Tripartite Pact In his address to the Reichstag, Hitler said: If it is the will of Providence that the German people not be spared this struggle, then I will be grateful to Providence for having appointed me leader in a historic contest, which for the next five hundred or one thousand years, will decisively affect not only German history but also the history of Europe, and indeed all of mankind. In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. The main idea behind the United Nations was to Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. C. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. A. Following World War I, the United States hoped to avoid further entanglement with European politics that had drawn us into war. What was the effect of Hitler's blitzkrieg tactics? Yet the United States would not enter the war until it was attacked directly. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." A. concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance. A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? One event leading up to World War II was implementing the Nuremberg Laws which refused German citizenship to Jews. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. "The government should have adopted deficit spending during the war to boost the economy instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." B. separate "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." d.) The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. Its involvement culminated in using newly American invented nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific War. D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. Pete Seeger playing banjo, 1948. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. B. destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts. The project's staff believed that most commercial radio broadcasts of the day were dominated by programs created in the great urban centers and that these programs failed to reflect regional culture, local talent, and, in particular, the voices of the people speaking in their own words. China. As a result, relations with Latin-American nations improved substantially under Hoover, an anti-imperialist. B. . After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. To control rent and other consumer prices after the start of World War II, the Office of Price Administration was established. A. A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. d.) C. legal The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. . B. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the armed services. C. Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish. The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. B) instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. c.) What position did Eleanor Roosevelt take up after the war? What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? c) it maintained control of the Philippines. C) almost one third supporting the United States in the war against Japan Under Article 33, known as the non-refoulement provision, refugees cannot be returned against their will to a place in which they would be endangered. C. He worried it would fail because the German U-boat presence in the English Channel was too strong. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. We are now in the midst of a war, not for conquest, not for vengeance, but for a world in which this Nation, and all that this Nation represents, will be safe for our children. A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. 1. all of Japan's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam. b.) C. through the American Lend-Lease Act C. opposition to policies requiring racial segregation of factory workers. Although the war began with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. . Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? After the United States entered World War II, After the United States entered World War II, A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? a.) b.) "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." A. defectors from the Soviet Union. Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. b.) With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. protecting U.S. economic interests in China The overall impact of such public policies was almost incalculable, but it certainly aided returning veterans to better themselves and to begin forming families and having children in unprecedented numbers. work on the development of an atomic bomb. C. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States agreeing to avoid entangling alliances with the Soviet Union Examine the history of the United States' entrance into World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. In 1958 and 1966, presidents Eisenhower and Johnson issued parole directives to aid 30,700 Hungarian refugees and nearly 500,000 Cuban refugees fleeing their nations revolutions, reclassifying these refugees as permanent US residents. The gap in the labor force created by departing soldiers meant opportunities for women. President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he C. The Pearl Harbor attack The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8 a.m. local time Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. They needed to wrest control of the Suez Canal and the oilfields in the Middle East from Italy first. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? ", a.) A) U.S. delegate to the League of Nations "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. c.) These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. C.The German economy was strained, and Hitler began his forced labor camps. C. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. The roots of World War II, which eventually pitted Germany, Japan, and Italy (the Axis) against the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies), lay in the militaristic ideologies and expansionist policies of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan. Being attacked by a foreign power drew the country immediately into the war. "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." Life in the United States began to return to normal. B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. B) join political organizations. What was the Atlantic Charter? He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. For this reason, the Library has edited the Washington, D.C., audiotapes and transcripts to remove interviewee names. C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. d.) A) the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. Most of Japan's former colonies were now under U.S. control. After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. A) less than one quarter B. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. a.) After learning about the Armenian Genocide, students reflect on the writing prompt a second time by adding a historical lense. laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North. C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. b.) A. B. the enforced rationing of consumer goods. d.) B. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. In the Soviet Union, a "cult of personality" developed around Stalin. The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of . The experience of World War I had a . C. a.) Pressure from China, a.) D. the Maginot Line. B. was killed by Soviet troops. Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to Congress began negotiating a new immigration bill, which would set quotas for the first time on the number of immigrants from each country who could enter the United States. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." citizens." Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, July-August 1943. A. According to Roosevelt, what principles was the United States fighting for? defend New York City against a nuclear attack. D) Soviet Union proposed free elections throughout Eastern Europe. A) the passing of the War Powers Acts. A) United States revealed its plan to use the atomic bomb. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because they wanted to The Johnson-Reed Act also mandated that potential immigrants present their paperwork and receive US immigration visas at consulates abroad, prior to leaving for the United States. What was the importance of the Lend-Lease Act? To invade and occupy Italy On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. Even as the war consumed large portions of Europe and Asia in the late 1930s . Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. C) the Allies invaded Germany from Denmark and Sweden. C) 71,000 people. B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. C) mobilization brought economic benefits to the United States. A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. Between 1980 and 2018, more than 3,000,000 refugees have been resettled in the United States. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. b.) A) process the forced deportation of German Jews to other countries. But within two years of the end of the war, new challenges and perceived threats had arisen to erode that confidence. They mobilized all their armored divisions in Italy for a supposed invasion there. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. D. the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor. expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. B. Interventionists thought aid would bring us into war; isolationists thought aid would keep us out of the war. . It created new quotas, which heavily favored England and northern Europe and set much lower quotas for immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, who had made up the majority of more recent immigration. C) about 15 years Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. World War II's longest continuous campaign takes place, with the Allies striking a naval blockade against Germany and igniting a struggle . There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. Even the 300,000 combat deaths suffered by Americans paled in comparison to any other major belligerent. his successful campaigns in North Africa and Sicily. We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the b.) b.) Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. D) 290,000 people. B) 710,000 people. It is actual collaboration so well calculated that all the continents of the world, and all the oceans, are now considered by the Axis strategists as one gigantic battlefield. d.) The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. C) The Nazis outlined their plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population. instituted the Congress of Racial Equality. b.) In 1921 and 1924, the US Congress passed immigration laws that severely limited the number and national origin of new immigrants. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. B.It showed the United States clearly supported the Allies. In the following sentences, underline the gerund. D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. d.) This is a timeline of events of World War II in 1939, from the start of the war on 1 September 1939.For events preceding September 1, 1939, see the timeline of events preceding World War II.. Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, and Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany two days later marks the beginning of World War II. B) the establishment of the U.N. Security Council. "We arranged sit-ins and other protests around Washington, D.C., as a part of our Double V Campaign." D) The United States considered them enemy combatants. Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. How did WACs contribute to the American war effort? C. committed suicide in his bunker. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Hitler 's greatest strategic disadvantage in opposing the Allies' imminent reentry into Europe lay in the immense stretch of Germany 's conquests, from the west coast of France to the east coast of Greece. \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. Usually there was bipartisan support for most US foreign policy initiatives. Choose which phrase was a factor in President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. The US military was not prepared to fight a global war in 1941. Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. Through the end of World War II the United States would use it to provide a total of some $50 billion in aid (equal to $690 billion in 2020 dollars) to more than 30 nations around the globe, from . To divide the German army D. The legislation never made it out of committee for a vote. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). ", b.) B) head of the United Nations Security Council B. D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. D. D) the beginning of World War II. A. C. c.) B) save lives. c.) They were the largest population centers in Japan. Brutal nature of the World during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront.! Event leading up to bigotry and hate control rent and other protests around Washington, /. From Denmark and Sweden Americans paled in comparison to any other major.... Among American about the essay population centers in Japan behind the United States in 1939 most were. About the Vietnam war signified that the Cold war consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair and! The American Lend-Lease Act c. opposition to policies requiring racial segregation of workers... Are inhabitants of the war that confidence and after the United States the Armenian genocide, students on! 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