While en route to West Point, Arnold renewed an acquaintance with Joshua Hett Smith, who had spied for both sides and who owned a house near the western bank of the Hudson about 15 miles south of West Point. Saint Benedict once lived in a hermit cave. It was donated by Civil War General John Watts DePeyster, and its inscription reads: "In memory of the most brilliant soldier of the Continental army, who was desperately wounded on this spot, winning for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution, and for himself the rank of Major General. Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. What happened to Benedict Arnold after he betrayed the Continental Army to the British? This was the last straw. Arnold was let off with just a slap on the wrist, but again his pride had been wounded. One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. [3] Arnold was buried at St. Mary's Church in Battersea, England. [119] The most serious of these was a slander suit which he won against a former business partner; and following this, townspeople burned him in effigy in front of his house, as Peggy and the children watched. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. The prisoner was dressed in miltary uniform. However, his actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777. Thereupon I expressed the desire of seeing that gentleman, and, shortly after, I was introduced to him. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. [1] [7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. At his request, a court martial was held to clear his name. He could not cope with failure and disgrace. Unlike his accomplishments in the battlefield, Arnold was not a good Governor. Arnold benefited from his relationship with Mansfield, who became a partner in his business and used his position as sheriff to shield him from creditors. "[88] At the same time, he tried to drain West Point's supplies so that a siege would be more likely to succeed. Wilson believes that the explanation most consistent with the available documentation is that Sage was either the result of a liaison before Arnold left England or that he was Arnold's grandson by one of his older children. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For several years before he . [111] He renewed that request when he learned of the surrender, which Clinton then granted. He helped organize militia forces on British-held islands, receiving praise from the landowners for his efforts on their behalf. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. After Arnold was forced to drop out of private school for lack of money, he entered into an apprenticeship with Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, two of his mother's cousins. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. During the Revolutionary War, West Point was known as Fort Arnold, but after Benedict Arnold's betrayal, it became known as Fort Clinton. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17751776, Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17771779, A Proclamation to the Officers and Soldiers of the Continental Army, "The Crypt Center Church on the Green New Haven, CT", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200008, "Independence National Historical Park: History of the President's House", "The Culper Spy Ring American Revolution", "Loyal American Regiment Historical Treks", "Native Norwich Is Ignoring Benedict Arnold", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath Of Treason", Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7, "In Commemoration of Arnold's Expedition to Quebec", "Letter: Some recognize Gen. Arnold as true hero of the Revolutionary War", "By Brigadier-General Arnold, A proclamation to the officers and soldiers of the Continental army who have the real interest of their country at heart, and who are determined to be no longer the tools and dupes of Congress, or France [Signed]", "Netflix's America: The Motion Picture fails at just about everything", "Netflix's 'America: The Motion Picture' knows who its audience is. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. [116] Delivery of his first ship the Lord Sheffield was accompanied by accusations from the builder that Arnold had cheated him; Arnold claimed that he had merely deducted the contractually agreed amount when the ship was delivered late. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. When Arnold learned the following morning that Andr had been caught and that . He was also convicted of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. In real life: Arnold left for England in late 1781, before the official surrender, in an unsuccessful bid to persuade the Crown to keep the war going in America. Updates? They bought three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his homestead, and established a lucrative West Indies trade. He also peppered Washington with complaints about the lack of supplies, writing, "Everything is wanting. Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". [98], Arnold learned of Andr's capture the morning of September 24 while waiting for Washington, with whom he was going to have breakfast at his headquarters in British Col. Beverley Robinson's former summer house on the east bank of the Hudson. [133] George Canning Hill authored a series of moralistic biographies in the mid-19th century and began his 1865 biography of Arnold: "Benedict, the Traitor, was born". Donald Trump has taken over from Benedict Arnold as "America's number one traitor," according to a group of veterans seeking to vote the president out of office this November. [52] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. [113] George Johnstone turned him down for a position in the East India Company and explained: "Although I am satisfied with the purity of your conduct, the generality do not think so. [66] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the plot. We largely don't even know who he is. His father was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness, was refused communion by his church, and died in 1761. 8. [140], Canadian historians have treated Arnold as a relatively minor figure. He dared not tell me his name. General Parsons laid it aside, seeing a letter written as a coded business discussion. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. For his services he was restored to his proper relative rank. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. John Andr was executed for spying. [84], Arnold next wrote a series of letters to Clinton, even before he might have expected a response to the July 7 letter. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. Arnold's letters continued to detail Washington's troop movements and provide information about French reinforcements that were being organized. William Fitch Arnold (17941846) (Captain, Benedict Arnold, played by Curtis Caravaggio, is a one-time character in the episode "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" in the 2016-18 TV series, Courtwright, Julie. Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. [6][103] Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. Arnold purchased large tracts of land in the Maugerville area, and acquired city lots in Saint John and Fredericton. However, British casualties were high; nearly one quarter of the force was killed or wounded, and Clinton declared that he could ill afford any more such victories. Jameson reluctantly recalled the lieutenant who had been delivering Andr into Arnold's custody, but he then sent the same lieutenant as a messenger to notify Arnold of Andr's arrest. He led the British army in battle against the soldiers whom he had once commanded, after which his name became, and has remained, synonymous with treason and betrayal in the United States.[2]. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. "Whom Can We Trust Now? He wrote that he was "very much shocked" and wondered "good God, are the Americans all asleep and tamely giving up their liberties, or are they all turned philosophers, that they don't take immediate vengeance on such miscreants? Name: Ethan Allen; Birth . Arnold had three sons with Margaret Mansfield:[150][151]. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. January 14, 1741, in Norwich Connecticut. Arnold never received all of the 20,000 pounds he was promised by the British for becoming a traitor. In December 1780, Arnold was given command of British forces sent to raid Virginia. [12] In 1757 when he was 16, he did enlist in the Connecticut militia, which marched off toward Albany, New York, and Lake George. "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . Later he became infamous for being a traitor, fighting for the British. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. Arnold said that it would have been better had it been in the chest instead of the leg. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Clinton's agreement to the terms. Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy's. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. Jul 4, 2020, 05:04 AM EDT | Updated Jul 4, 2020. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. They issued him a colonel's commission on May 3, 1775, and he immediately rode off to Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants (Vermont) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. Lee Moran. The second was Benedict Arnold. Things Trump will never be. He proposed an action to the Massachusetts Committee of Safety to seize Fort Ticonderoga in upstate New York, which he knew was poorly defended. Benedict Arnold led the attack at the British Fort of Ticonderoga. [1] Only he and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings died from yellow fever in childhood. Arnold remained there until July 1781 and then returned to New York. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. His company marched northeast the following month to assist in the siege of Boston that followed the Battles of Lexington and Concord. After the usual exchange of greetings I ventured to request from him some letters of introduction to his friends in America. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. The absent name is Benedict Arnold, a name now synonymous with "traitor." Many Americans understand why his name has been erased from the chapel of the garrison he once commanded. [24] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. She was a close friend of British major John Andr and kept in contact with him when he became head of the British espionage system in New York. He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. Yet as every elementary school student knows, Benedict reneged on his original commitment and defected to England. On August 13, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. [79], Shortly after Washington's rebuke, a Congressional inquiry into Arnold's expenditures concluded that he had failed to account fully for his expenditures incurred during the Quebec invasion, and that he owed the Congress some 1,000,[b] largely because he was unable to document them. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . But You Probably Don't Know His Whole Story Illustration showing Major General Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801) rallying the American troops. AD 1781, when the British, under the command of the Traitor Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton and spread desolation and woe throughout the region. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. [citation needed], He then continued on to Philadelphia where he met with members of Congress about his rank. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. [44], Arnold returned to the Hudson where General Gates had taken over command of the American army, which had retreated to a camp south of Stillwater. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. With the permission of his master, Armistead enlisted in the Revolutionary War under General Lafayette. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. From there, he was ordered to Vermont where he met with Ethan Allen. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. [109] They also attacked and captured Fort Griswold across the river in Groton, Connecticut, slaughtering the Americans after they surrendered following the Battle of Groton Heightsand all these deeds were done just a few miles down the Thames River from Norwich, where Arnold grew up. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. Meanwhile, in April 1779, Arnold married Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, a young woman of loyalist sympathies. It was invoked again as sectional conflicts increased in the years before the American Civil War. [b][6] He led British forces in the Raid of Richmond and nearby areas, and they burned much of New London, Connecticut, to the ground and slaughtered surrendering forces after the Battle of Groton Heightsjust a few miles downriver from the town where he had grown up. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. He died after four days of delirium on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60. He led a force of more than 1,700 men which burned most of New London to the ground on September 4, causing damage estimated at $500,000. He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. This monument was erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut in the 55th year of the Independence of the U.S.A. in memory of the brave patriots massacred at Fort Griswold near this spot on the 6th of Sept. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Arnold, American Battlefield Trust - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Biography of Benedict Arnold, The Washington Library Center for Digital History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, United States History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Benedict Arnold - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Benedict Arnold - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Benedict Arnold: meeting with Maj. John Andr. [67], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[c] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". Why did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? Some historians suggested an Arnold liaison in New Brunswick, but Canadian historian Barry Wilson noted the weakness of this traditional account. Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. [39] He took the opportunity to visit his children while near his home in New Haven, and he spent much of the winter socializing in Boston, where he unsuccessfully courted a young belle named Betsy Deblois. General George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had placed him in command of West Point in New York. This long after he lived, it would probably be impossible to know whether Benedict Arnold liked or disliked any particular food. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. His ventures met with mixed success. After organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the New Haven arsenal and led his group northward to fight the British. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [114] His reputation also came under criticism in the British press, especially when compared to Major Andr who was celebrated for his patriotism. [141] Historian Barry Wilson points out that Arnold's descendants established deep roots in Canada, becoming leading settlers in Upper Canada and Saskatchewan. When and where was Benedict Arnold born? Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticutthe fifth person in his family to be named Benedict Arnold. Benedict Arnold was an enthusiastic patriot who believed passionately in the cause of American liberty. She was the conduit for information to the British. The sacrifice of Andr made Arnold odious to loyalists, and his reputation was further tarnished among his former neighbours when he led a raid on New London, Connecticut, in September 1781. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. He grew resentful of several rival and younger generals who had been promoted ahead of him and given honors which he thought he deserved. After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. 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