Their shape is best seen from an aerial view and when they are formed successively they look like a roof of tiles. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation. The hard, flat surface of desert salt flats are often ideal for car racing. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds. 2 of 5 questions answered correctly. 1. However, some birds, such as the roadrunner, have adapted to life in the desert. The Hohokam used the canals to irrigate their crops. They are artificial deposits of dry river beds that only fill with water in the rainy season and then dry again when the rainfall ends so they are not long lasting. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. The descending air warms up, making it difficult for clouds to form.Death Valley, in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, is a rain shadow desert. Madagascar, for instance, is a tropical island in the Indian Ocean. Indian Relief Features The Great Himalayas The Himalayas are a group of geologically young and structurally fold mountains that extend past the northernmost limits of India. Areas facing reduced precipitation include areas with some of the largest deserts in the world: North Africa (Sahara), the American Southwest (Sonoran and Chihuahuan), the southern Andes (Patagonia), and western Australia (Great Victoria).In literature and in legend, deserts are often described as hostile places to avoid. It has three further sub-parts: Tharparker, Naa and Cholistan. . Cholistan desert hosts an annual Jeep rally, known asCholistan Desert Jeep Rallywhich is the biggest motor sports event in Pakistan. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat.Most xerocoles are nocturnal. Hydroelectric power is supplied by the Nangal power plant located on the Sutlej River in Punjab. She or he will best know the preferred format. Populations at resorts like Palm Springs, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada, have boomed. There are also vast deserts in Pakistan. TheThar Desertspans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas ofPakistanandIndia. National Geographic Environment: Desert Landscapes. Pakistanhosts fivedesertswhich were at some point historical forests. Most of the deserts inhabitants reside in rural areas and are distributed in varying densities. Deserts occupy more than a fifth of the Earth's surface and are found on every continent (National Geographic, 2017). Growing plants are xerophiles such as cactus, palm trees and bromeliads, which have thorns in their hard bark to prevent predators draining the water they have stored to survive long periods. The Western Mountains 3. [1] In India, it covers about 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), of which 60% is in Rajasthan and extends into Gujarat , Punjab, an d Haryana. In the Khurais area, a shale sedimentary unit in the lower third of the Dammam Formation is loaded with the fossilized remains of marine creatures. Which landform feature was a part of Gondwana land? Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. Good aquifers have been detected in the central part of the desert. Seeking greater economic opportunities, farmers in Madagascar engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture. Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. Others are dry expanses of rock, sand, or salt flats.Kinds of DesertsThe worlds deserts can be divided into five typessubtropical, coastal, rain shadow, interior, and polar. Much of the coastal region is arid desert with sand dunes and large volcanic mountainous features. Where are the Aravali hills located? The upper Indus Basin includes Punjab; the lower Indus Basin begins at the Panjnad River (the confluence of the eastern tributaries of the Indus) and extends south to the coast. One railway line serves the southern part of the region. Shallow residual soils have developed along the slopes and in the broken hill country. The Sindh . However, as the season of harvest gets over, the roots of the crops die off, returning the desert to its actual state of naked emptiness. Answer: Peninsular Plateau. Some desert vultures urinate on their own legs, cooling them by evaporation.Many desert animals have developed ingenious ways of getting the water they need. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. This has happened among the states in the Colorado River Basin, which have negotiated for many years over the division of the rivers water. 10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers. Camels, nicknamed ships of the desert, are widely used for transportation, meat, and milk in the Maghreb (a region in Northwest Africa), the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent.People and the DesertAbout 1 billion people live in deserts. Rainstorms sometimes come as violent cloudbursts. The ground heats the air so much that air rises in waves you can actually see. The Kharan Desert is located in Northeast Balochistan (a Pakistani state). The Supreme Court on Tuesday refused to entertain Delhi Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia's plea challenging his arrest in connection with the excise policy case. The khajri (or khejri) tree (Prosopis cineraria) grows throughout the plains. Pakistan is a subtropical country spread over an area of 79.6 million hectares (mha) lying between 24 and 37 N and 61 and 75 E. Most of the area is semiarid to arid, extending . The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. For instance, it offers some of the most amazing views of sand dunes, the beauty of which is amplified by a flawless canopy of blue sky in the background. The Ghaggar River, in what is now India and Pakistan, was a major water source for Mohenjo-daro, an urban area of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. However, sugar cane is also harvested in the deserts of Pakistan and Australia. This desert consists of a very dry part, the Marusthali region, in the west, and a semi-desert region in the east with fewer sand dunes and slightly more precipitation. The high plain of the Indus Plain is also called . Strongly alkaline soils are localized in some small patches. The Peninsular plateau 4. Roads and railways are few. Apart from the rural settlements, the majority of nomads earn their livelihood from livestock as they breed animals to be sold, milked and shorn for their wool. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms. The environmental impact of dams was not considered when the structures were built. The oil industry draws companies, migrant workers, engineers, geologists, and biologists to the Middle East.DesertificationDesertification is the process of productive cropland turning into non-productive, desert-like environments. Many nomads are engaged in animal husbandry, crafts, or trade. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. Regional descriptions. Growing up in the rayless basement of the Trapper Motel, Johan Garcia Casteln would keep busy by chucking mittens at a wall and diving to catch them, like a soccer Most of the Sindh Sagar Doab, the most western of the doabs of Punjab, was an unproductive wasteland (known as the Thal Desert) before the construction of the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River near Kalabagh in 1946. They anchor the drifting sand with a gridlike network of straw fences. The desert presents an undulating surface, with high and low sand dunes separated by sandy plains and low barren hills, or bhakars, which rise abruptly from the surrounding plains. List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: Thar Desert - Biggest Desert of Pakistan Cholistan - Rohi Desert Thal Desert Kharan Desert - Sandy Desert Katpana Desert - Cold Desert So let's have a look: 1. Plateau Mountains The city of Phoenix was built on top of the ruins of canals built by the Hohokam people between 500 and 1450 CE. The range extends from the Jhelum River to the Indus, across the northern portion of the Punjab province. The surface is made up of aeolian (wind-deposited) sand that has accumulated over 1.8 million years. Here rainfall is very low and large number of sand dunes are found. The irrigation project, which facilitated the emergence of intensive cultivation despite semi-arid conditions, resulted in important social and political transformations. Topography and Drainage. Due to this fact, a large part of the Kharan Desert is inhabited as it covers an area of 20,000 square kilometers and has a population of just 0.23 million, making one of the least populated deserts on earth. List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: 1. There are traditional song and dance performed by the local nomad groups. This is called the urban heat island effect. It is bordered by the irrigated Indus River plain to the west, the Punjab Plain to the north and northeast, the Aravalli Range to the southeast, and the Rann of Kachchh to the south. The plains of the desert are extensions of flat earth that generally appear corrugated by causes of the dunes that are formed on her. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. In other cases, the plains are covered with snow. This type of dune has more than two crests (usually 3 or 4) that resemble the arms of a star, which are united in a central point whose height can ascend to 90 meters (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). The highest temperature on Earth was recorded there:56.7 C (134.1 F).The largest polar desert is Antarctica, at 13 million square kilometers (5 million square miles). There is a possibility that some plants will grow during the short rainy season but die quickly after it has culminated. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates a vast amount of land in the Indian portion of the Thar. It is the world's 17th largest desert, and the world's 9th largest subtropical desert.About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining part in Pakistan. Perrine Juillion. Coal of a medium quality is also found. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. It has also spread into India. Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Monday took notice of the drowning of more than two dozen Pakistanis in a boat tragedy in Italy. Relief and natural regions. The Indus River basin is a large, fertile alluvial plain formed by silt from the Indus. ;,GSL0X*G6]}?r?pp$a3,25(>sG}#vs]#Ih]6MY1BtlL3l5vaRtjmQ\ k/kE{Z27Vp-.yE(YJ>Ws{8#m0g7)N6U*=9e/|!M. Many desert regions discourage visitors from hiking or camping in arroyos for this reason.Even urban areas in deserts can be vulnerable to flash floods. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. In India alone, this desert stretches its boundaries to Gujarat . The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells. Under maritime influence, precipitation increases slightly to about 6 inches (155 mm) at Hyderabad and 8 inches (200 mm) at Karachi. Many of these people rely on centuries-old customs to make their lives as comfortable as possibleCivilizations throughout the Middle East and Maghreb have adapted their clothing to the hot, dry conditions of the Sahara and Arabian deserts. Desert plants grow far apart, allowing them to obtain as much water around them as possible. A thick accumulation of lime often occurs at varying depths. Relief features are not any pattern of drainage where water channels are available. Few organisms can withstand the freezing, dry climate of Antarctica.Changing DesertsThe regions that are deserts today were not always so dry. These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. The vegetation is equipped to survive the scarcity of rainfall and humidity. They include:-. Deals with transport and accommodation issues. This is an extensive area of 347,190km2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: Agricultural production is devastated, and the economy of a region suffers. Although some deserts are very hot, with daytime temperatures as high as 54C (130F), other deserts have cold winters or are cold year-round. With little vegetation to anchor it, the thin topsoil quickly eroded. Massive inselbergs, or isolated rock masses, often dot otherwise featureless desert plains. Apart from wells and tanks, canals are the main sources of water in the desert. A kaffiyeh is a rectangular piece of cloth folded loosely around the head to protect the wearer from sun exposure, dust, and sand. In Arabia, Australia and North Africa reach altitudes of 100 meters and lengths greater than 100 kilometers (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). The semi-arid region of the Thar Desert is called "Bagar". Where water is available, farmers grow crops such as wheat and cotton. In the southern part of the province of Punjab, the British attempted to harness the irrigation power of the water over 100 years ago when they established what came to be known as the Canal Colonies. The geography of Pakistan is a blend of landscapes. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. These activities include overgrazing of livestock, deforestation, overcultivation of farmland, and poor irrigation practices. The roadrunner, native to the deserts of North America, obtains water from its food.Some xerocoles have bodies that help them handle the heat. Over time, the Ghaggar changed course and now only flows during the rainy monsoon season. Out of these, the plains are the most abundant relief feature found in India. Here let's take a look at the physical map of India and the other primary physical geography of India. Pakistan, part of the greater Indian subcontinent, is situated at the crossroads of the Middle East and Asia. Rising from the AshesThe desert city of Phoenix, Arizona, is named for the mythical desert bird that burns to death only to be reborn, rising from its own ashes. The efficiency of the monsoonal precipitation is poor, because of its concentration from early July to mid-September, when high temperatures maximize loss through evaporation. What are the relief features that are found in the Northern plains? But water patterns are not included in the relief features. Lowest point: Sea level Answer (4) Gobi Desert. However, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas. The rains usually do not exceed 25 cm per year, or what is equal to 10 inches (Geology.com, 2017). With lush green vegetation of some of the rarest plant species of the country, this oasis of Cholistan Desert is one of its most unique features. In some deserts, temperatures rise so high that people are at risk of dehydration and even death. . We gave money to the Namibian Covid-19 response . Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall, sparse vegetation, and wildlife. (16 of 7 of 2017). Updates? Local desert communities can divert rivers on a smaller scale. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands; the Indus River plain, with two major subdivisions corresponding roughly to the provinces of Punjab and Sindh; and the Balochistan Plateau. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A desert tortoises thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss. Pakistan is situated on the edge of a monsoonal (i.e., wet-dry) system. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. Precipitation amounts fluctuate widely from year to year. The relief in the area is remarkable due to its sharp contrasts and the multitude and variability of the morphological elements. (ii) It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. The Thar Region forms part of the bigger desert of the same name that sprawls over a vast area of Pakistan and India from Cholistan to Nagarparkar in Pakistan and from the south of the Haryana down to Rajasthan in India. The partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 left most of the irrigation canals fed by the rivers of the Indus system in Pakistani territory, while a large desert region remained unirrigated on the Indian side of the border. Similar lush conditions existed as recently as 25,000 years ago. The most notable desert resource in the world is the massive oil reserves in the Arabian Desert of the Middle East. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. This can reduce the already limited plant life in deserts.Climate change also affects rainfall patterns. More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification.People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability. For example, increasing temperatures lead to the loss of nitrogen, an important nutrient, from the soil. The desert boasts some incredibly distinct natural features. A major earthquake centred in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's Kohistan District in 1965 also caused heavy damage. It is situated in Punjab, Pakistan between the Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. In the rest of the country, temperatures reach great extremes in the summer; the mean temperature during June is 100 F (38 C) in the plains, where the highest temperatures can exceed 117 F (47 C). which?] They are accumulations of abundant sand, null or dispersed vegetation and predominantly uniform winds that mold long crests separated by depressions and oriented at right angles obeying the strongest wind current. One legend holds that the Persian Emperor Cambyses II sent an army of 50,000 men to the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt around 530 BCE. In the deserts of the Middle East and Asia, nomadic tent communities continue to flourish. Engaged in the production of a variety of handcrafted items including the very famous Cholistani Khussas, the cottage industry in the Cholistan Desert serves as the economic engine of the region. Among those the Tharparkar breed is the highest yielder of milk, and the Kankre breed is good both as a beast of burden and as a milk producer. The Thal Desert is located in northeastern Pakistan between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line. Rural Israeli communities called kibbutzim rely on aquifers to furnish water for crops and even fish farming in the dry Negev Desert. Sometimes, rock is carved into tablelike formations such as mesas and buttes. A large saguaro is a living storage tower that can hold hundreds of liters of water.Other desert plants have very deep roots. This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years. You'll find plains, deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus. A thobe is a full-length, long-sleeved white robe. For example, the mountain ranges along the . In Pakistan, it spreads over Punjab and Sindh starting fromTharparkar Districtin the east. Their seeds may lie dormant for years during long dry spells. More than half of the proven oil reserves in the world lie beneath the sands of the Arabian Desert, mostly in Saudi Arabia. The world's coldest desert is Antarctica. The Indus Water Treaty of 1960 fixed and delimited the rights and obligations of both countries concerning the use of waters of the Indus River system. There are three relief (Physical Features) of Pakistan. These soils vary in texture, chemical composition, colour, and organic content from place to place. Such a surface is called a desert flat or llano. A soaking rain can change a desert into a wonderland of flowers almost overnight. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. Famous deserts of Pakistan, Pakistan is a country located in South Asia and occupies a total area of 827,913 square kilometres, making it the sixth-largest country in the world.It also has an estimated population of 207 million. It has height up to of 4712 metres. 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